Impurities mixed will affect the electrical properties of ceramic pieces

Fused Cast AZS Bricks - Size and shape of the ultra-poor on the assembly, especially for the use of a closure process manufacturers will cause positioning difficulties, and for the entire pipe coaxiality, air tightness and other assurance buried under the hidden dangers, thereby reducing the reliability of the product . In order to ensure the size of the porcelain shell, the precision of the shape should be strengthened to control and manage all the processes of porcelain production, including raw material processing, slurry preparation, molding, wax removal and firing processes.



Defects in the sealing surface Because the sealing surface is the key part of the ceramic parts and metal parts, it will directly affect the internal quality of the metal and the sealing, so the quality requirements of the sealing surface for each manufacturer are very strict. I plant the sealing surface of the site requires no cracks, pores, scratches, pits, mezzanine and so on. Porcelain pieces of impurities in porcelain impurities mainly from raw materials and processes. Some impurities in the oxidizing atmosphere is color, such as Cr2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, etc., so under light can see the red, yellow or black spots, some impurities are colorless.

The inclusion of these impurities will affect the electrical properties of ceramic pieces, dielectric loss increases, reducing the level of pressure. Therefore, porcelain manufacturers should strictly control the quality of raw materials and process. These are some of the more likely to appear in the production test, these are all porcelain manufacturers can control or improve some of the problems, how to control these issues is the need for manufacturers to take seriously.

Refractory materials used in optical glass manufacturing

In the optical glass melting, clay kaolin clay crucible and mixer (hereinafter referred to as clay crucible and mixer). Basically belong to AI203 ~ SiO2 binary aluminosilicate refractories, with different content of AI2O3 and SiO2 to decide its manufacturing process and performance.Fused Cast AZS Bricks



In recent years, due to the development of the optical glass industry, the optical glass of the new variety is continuously increasing, and the refractories of the optical glass are also developed correspondingly. In addition to the earlier use of clay, kaolin, bauxite and other natural raw materials to create refractory material. There are pure oxide refractory products. Such as fused silica products, fused corundum products and sintered mullite and other refractory materials. For some new varieties of optical glass melting also used tin dioxide ceramics, platinum, platinum alloys, carbon materials as smelting optical glass high temperature container, the development of new varieties of optical glass and increase the amount of optical glass have played a A certain role in promoting.

In the optical glass melting process, in order to use the crucible method and pool furnace melting method is more common. Crucible type more. Pool melting method with the main furnace using a variety of special shaped or special cast refractories. Although such materials have a complex manufacturing process but a wide variety and high resistance to glass erosion and high temperature mechanical strength, these materials provide the advantages of selective use for melting various glass varieties.

Energy-saving environmentally friendly refractory materials industry

Development of energy-saving environmentally friendly refractory industry in line with the world trend. People need fresh air, clean water, clean food, people need a good living environment. This is the development of energy-saving environmentally friendly refractory industry has become the root cause of the world trend and the fundamental driving force. At the same time, it should be noted that the development of the energy-saving and environment-friendly refractories industry itself also requires the sustained investment of technical production factors. As a result, it not only promotes the self-development of energy-saving and environmental protection industries, but also greatly accelerates the technological progress of the entire country.



Energy-saving environmentally friendly refractory industry is very large market size, a long time, developed countries accounted for a major share of them. The world's major developed countries have always attached great importance to the development of energy-saving environmentally friendly refractory industry. Vigorously developing China's energy-saving and environmentally-friendly refractory industry is in line with the worldwide trend and plays an important role in optimizing the industrial structure and consumption structure.

As we all know, the German government and market in promoting the development of energy-saving environmentally friendly refractory industry is unique in that it spare no effort to strengthen the awareness of energy saving and environmental protection businesses and residents, where possible, the development of environmentally friendly products and manufacturing processes . These two points are particularly worth learning from China. Some Chinese enterprises and individuals are not aware of energy conservation and environmental protection. Governments at all levels should further increase the promotion of energy conservation and environmental protection so that the concept of energy conservation and environmental protection can truly reach people's hearts. As a result, consumer demand for energy saving and environmental protection refractory products will increase greatly. As a result, Is conducive to the expansion of the scale of production of energy-saving environmentally friendly refractory products and energy-saving environmental protection technology development, improvement and promotion.

The Shixing company is adopted on producing high quality Fused Cast AZS Block used in glass furnaces. Established to produce series of shaped blocks Fused Cast AZS-33# Block, Fused Cast AZS-36# Block and Fused Cast AZS-41# Block with annual production capacity 20,000 tons/year. New materials production zone is equipped with two high-temperature shuttle kilns, mainly producing Zircon Brick, Silica Brick, Magnesia Brick, etc.

Glass Technology - Glass industry development of refractory materials

To extend the melting furnace kiln age must have two conditions: First, the integration of industry and trade branch of the refractory plant, to provide the furnace required for a variety of high quality refractory supporting materials; the second is to design, production, use and research Closely integrated, give full play to their advantages, so that the configuration of the whole furnace refractory more reasonable,

Superb design, meticulous operation, maintenance and management of high-quality refractory materials and supporting the supply must be closely integrated, in the past that one for a period of time, no communication, disjointed, the lack of overall concept of the situation is long-term melting furnace kiln do not enter One of the important reasons.



Based on past experience, with the strong technical strength of Trade, Industry and Trade Branch of refractory supporting group more suitable, on the one hand he based on a deep understanding of refractory properties and data master, you can recommend to the design and use of various supporting programs ,for selection;

On the other hand, it can also provide various kinds of high-quality refractory materials to users and keep track of the use of the refractory materials. It can continuously provide services to users and assist them in solving problems that may arise during their use. The four parties often string together, frequently communicate with each other, complement each other's advantages, Form a whole, work together to improve the melting furnace kiln age and various technical and economic indicators.

Glass industrial waste refractory recycling technology

The European glass industry uses more than 100,000 tons a year for masonry kilns, which have a useful life of 5 to 8 years. The demolition of these kilns will generate thousands of tons of abandoned refractory materials, most of which will be sent to CETs or proprietary dumps.



To help users reduce the amount of waste refractory materials sent to landfills, the company is working with glass companies and kiln dismantling companies to establish standards for waste acceptance and to develop new products made from recycled materials.

At present, 30% to 35% of the silica bricks removed after the end of kiln service can be reused to make two other types of silica bricks, including siliceous wedges and light insulation Silica brick. The first European facility to comprehensively recycle spent refractory refractories specialized in the disposal of waste refractories from the glass industry, steel industrial furnaces, incinerators and chemical industries with a recovery of 90%.

Glass company will melt the wall of the kiln pool to cut the whole, re-use the effective part of the pool wall has been successful, and the ZAS brick surface with the glass removed after the use of quenching the brick crack, crushing, grinding, After screening different size fractions of aggregate and fine powder, used to produce cheap high-performance castable and iron ditch material.

Refractory materials used in optical glass manufacturing

In recent years, due to the development of the optical glass industry, the optical glass of the new variety is continuously increasing, and the refractories of the optical glass are also developed correspondingly. In addition to the earliest use of clay, kaolin, bauxite and other natural raw materials to create refractory material. There are pure oxide refractory products. Such as fused silica products, fused corundum products and sintered mullite and other refractory materials. For some new varieties of optical glass melting also used tin dioxide ceramics, platinum, platinum alloys, carbon materials as smelting optical glass high temperature container, the development of new varieties of optical glass and increase the amount of optical glass have played a A certain role in promoting.



In the optical glass melting process, in order to use the crucible method and pool furnace melting method is more common. Crucible type more. Pool melting method with the main furnace using a variety of special shaped or special cast refractories. Although such materials have a complex manufacturing process but a wide variety and high resistance to glass erosion and high temperature mechanical strength, these materials provide the advantages of selective use for melting various glass varieties. Refractories include:

1. Melting optical glass crucibles and mixers

Aluminosilicate materials: clay kaolin crucible and stirrer, high aluminum lining material, SiOAI203 ~ SiO2: system of synthetic materials.

Quartz material: transparent and opaque fused quartz, quartz ceramic crucible. Corundum material: recrystallization sintering crucible, titanium corundum crucible and mixer.

Tin dioxide material: tin dioxide crucible carbon material: pyrolytic carbon crucible, glassy carbon crucible.

2. Optical glass pool furnace material

Fused quartz brick. Casting refractory materials, which include mullite, Cuomalaite, corundum oblique zircon, mouth corundum, Lu Hong, jade corundum and other fused brick.

In the aluminosilicate refractories, as a relatively old clay-kaolin refractories, due to a certain degree of high temperature, corrosion resistance, and the manufacturing process is simple, the advantages of low prices. So in the optical glass industry still occupies a very important position. Therefore, the research on the raw material properties, chemical mineral composition and manufacturing process of such refractories remains a focus of attention.



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The current trend of glass furnace refractory applications

There are three main drivers of changes and developments in refractory materials. The first is the glass manufacturer's need to improve the quality of the glass, at least for the most part. The second is the economic requirements of glass furnaces to make kilns run longer, and the third is the impact and impact of pure oxygen combustion systems. These three requirements often determine the use of improved refractory materials when repairing a kiln. These impetuses have also prompted glass manufacturers to choose improved refractory products for furnace maintenance and to adopt new technologies for extensive overhaul in their operating cycles.



Melt-cast alumina bricks have established their use in the top of the melting tank, primarily in pure oxygen fired furnaces melting high-quality glass. Before the advent of pure oxygen combustion technology, only β ˉ alumina bricks were used to melt the superstructure of the cell and alumina-free bricks without melt-casting were applied to the top of the melting cell. Today, both molten cast products of β-alumina and α-β-alumina are used in the production of some or all of the roofs of pure oxygen combustion furnaces for color television sets (screens and cones), float glass and borosilicate glass on. Melt-cast AZS bricks can typically be used at 1600 ° C or 1650 ° C (depending on the glazing), while furnace tops made of fused alumina brick can be successfully run at 1700 ° C. This creates better conditions and greater flexibility for glass manufacturers in the production of refractory glass.

For many years, melt-cast AZS furnace roofs have successfully undergone the test of cooling and reheating to enable them to use multiple operating cycles. There is now a bit of experience in successfully implementing the top cooling and reheating of fused-alumina roofs, which represent an economically viable life when they use two or more cycles of operation. The results of the observation of the fused alumina roof in service (thermal observation and shutdown observation) show that these materials are both chemically and mechanically stable. This is the first observational study of such masonry because there was neither a reference to fused alumina at the time nor the empirical basis for its application to the roof.

Reflections on the Development of Glass Industry Refractories

In recent ten years, China's glass industry has made considerable progress with the refractory materials, embodied in the large-scale float glass furnace kiln age, from 3 to 4 years to 5 to 8 years, and all materials to achieve localization, greatly Narrow the gap with the advanced level of foreign countries for the glass industry with the future development of refractory materials, and laid a solid foundation.



     In recent years, China has built more than 30 cast refractory materials enterprises, these enterprises in recent years despite the majority of varying degrees of progress, but most of the smaller scale of production, technology is weak, backward technology and equipment, product quality is difficult to guarantee. The company must have its own controllable production scale and supporting system of fused cast refractory, basic refractory, silica brick, zirconium, zirconium corundum, sillimanite, mullite refractory and new amorphous refractory material. Can provide the entire kiln refractory quality supporting materials to meet the entire glass industry, including glass fiber industry, the needs of refractory materials.

Glass furnace design, refractory production, melting furnace operation, maintenance, use and production of refractory materials and the use of scientific research between the four closely integrated, is to extend the melting furnace kiln, as soon as possible to reach the international advanced level of the important conditions one.

To extend the melting furnace kiln age must have two conditions: First, the integration of industry and trade branch of Refractories Company, to provide the furnace required for a variety of high quality refractory supporting materials; the second is to design, production, use and research Tight combination, to play their own advantages, so that the configuration of the whole furnace refractory more reasonable, superb design, meticulous operation, maintenance and management of high-quality refractory materials and supporting the supply must be closely integrated.

Glass furnace refractory applications trends

For many years, melt-cast AZS furnace roofs have successfully undergone the test of cooling and reheating to enable them to use multiple operating cycles. There is now a bit of experience in successfully implementing the top cooling and reheating of fused-alumina roofs, which represent an economically viable life when they use two or more cycles of operation. The results of the observation of the fused alumina roof in service (thermal observation and shutdown observation) show that these materials are both chemically and mechanically stable. This is the first observational study of such masonry because there was neither a reference to fused alumina at the time nor the empirical basis for its application to the roof.



High-chromium refractory products in the past mainly used to enhance the glass furnace, and a small amount used in insulation glass pool furnace. High chrome bricks are increasingly being used in some soda lime glass furnaces. Its main use has not only been limited to all or part of the flow hole, but also to the end wall and, to a limited extent, the corner brick for the feed opening The high-chilled brick masonry cavity provides the potential for increased kiln life Because this material is at least twice as corrosive to most glasses as molten AZS bricks.

It has been several years since low-glass phase fused AZS refractories have been successfully used in molten pool superstructures on a limited basis. Pure oxygen combustion technology has led to its wider use in the superstructure of molten pools for two reasons: first, the low glass phase content leads to a low bleed out of the glass phase, which is higher than that of the traditional molten AZS brick Structure is more "dry." Second, the low glass phase content makes it more creep-resistant so that the normal operating temperature can be raised from 1600 ° C to 1650 ° C. This is more useful for the superstructure of the feed zone of a pure oxygen fired furnace where the molten AZS brick not only has the resistance to dust particles from the combustion air flow but also can withstand higher temperatures 1650 ℃. Molten pool wall tiles have recently been developed to improve the top (liquid line) anti-erosion properties of new varieties and has been in the field test. This pool wall brick utilizes a unique approach that controls the crystal structure of the liquid line section so that the brick has a much stronger erosion resistance at the liquid line than the standard fused AZS brick.

High zirconium fused wares (HZFC or fused zirconia) have been widely accepted as refractories in contact with glass for use in specific locations in certain high quality glass furnaces. The reasons for using the refractory of this kind of component vary from one glass type to another. Color TV picture tube screen glass is a serious erosion of HZFC but it is also used as a base and pool wall tile at the end of a melt pool flow hole because it significantly reduces glass defects such as knuckles, bubbles and stones . The corrosion resistance of fused zirconia refractories is not superior to that of molten AZS, but usually it suffices to maintain an entire kiln cycle. In this way, the use of HZFC in color picture tube screen glass cell furnaces can greatly improve the quality of the glass without reducing the life of the kiln.

The adhesion of refractories materials

Thermal kilns and equipment require many specific shapes of refractory brick masonry. This requires a material that has some adhesion at both ambient and elevated temperatures. Usually we use refractory mud to achieve our goals. Silica, clay, high aluminum, magnesium refractory mud, at room temperature, through the intermolecular force, to achieve the bonding between refractory products. During high temperature use, ceramic bonding is generally achieved due to the sintering effect. In order to achieve ceramic bonding at lower temperatures, it is often necessary to add some sintering promoter in the slurry to sinter it in advance.



Recently, more and more composite adhesives are used. These include dextrin, silica sol, water glass, brine, refractory cement, leeches, resins, etc. at ambient room temperature, as well as chemical or other forms of bonding at moderate or elevated temperatures , To improve the strength of the material. In addition to most of the above-mentioned refractory materials have this feature, there are phosphoric acid, a variety of phosphate, polyphosphate, metaphosphate, sulfate, all kinds of ultrafine powder

In addition, organic binders are also one of the most popular refractory binders currently available and include tar, resins, modified bitumens, and the like. These binders have good bond strength at room temperature and form a carbon bond network after high temperature.

Because of its complementarity to various properties, organic binders are rapidly expanding and deepening their research because of their carbon residue is conducive to the high temperature performance of refractory materials.

What requirements should refractories meet?

Refractory materials used in a variety of high temperature equipment, which is subject to physical and chemical erosion and mechanical damage under high temperature conditions, the performance of refractory materials should meet the following requirements:

1, high refractoriness Modern metallurgy furnace and other industrial furnace heating temperature are generally between 1000 ~ 1800 ℃. Refractory materials should have a low melting temperature at high temperatures.



2, high temperature structural strength should be large. Refractory should not only have a higher melting temperature, but also should have under the load of the furnace masonry or other mechanical vibration, without softening deformation and collapse.

3, thermal stability is better. Metallurgical furnaces and other industrial kilns in the operation process due to sudden changes in temperature refractory parts of the uneven temperature, there will be stress inside the masonry and fission and spalling of the material. Therefore, refractory materials should have the ability to resist such damage.

4, strong slag resistance. Refractory materials in the use of the process, often by high temperature slag, metal and furnace dust chemical attack. Therefore, refractory materials must have the ability to resist erosion.

5, high temperature and volume stability. Refractory materials in the long-term high temperature use, the brick body will produce the volume contraction or expansion, resulting in the refractory brick damage. Therefore, refractory materials are required to be stable in volume at high temperature.

6, structured dimensions, tolerances should be small. Although the refractory brick masonry brick filled with refractory mud, but the density and intensity are worse than the refractory material in the drying process and easy to fall off, so the brick is the weak link masonry, easy to leak and erosion Therefore, the smaller the seam size, the smaller the better. Only the accurate dimensions can meet this requirement. Therefore, the refractory material can not have the defects of big distortion, lack of edge, notch, cave and crack, etc. Claim.

Focus on the refractory industry and optimize the structure

Since 2000, China's refractory industry has entered the fastest-growing stage and is now the world's largest producer and exporter of refractory materials. European Refractories Manufacturers Association survey of the global refractory production in 2011 showed that the global refractory output in 2011 was 42,750,000 tons, of which, China's refractory output was 29,500,000 tons, accounting for 69% of the global output.



With the relative trend of the company's shares Pu-resistant shares, Beijing Lill major innovation ability and technology and equipment levels have improved significantly, China's refractory industry in the international market, the advantages and status of refractory material has also been greatly improved. At present, the varieties and aggregates of refractory products in our country not only meet the needs of domestic high-temperature industrial production and development, but also increase their export volume year by year. The market covers more than 150 countries and regions in Asia, Europe and the Americas, and the export volume has been ranking the world for many years the first.

At present, China's refractory products industry will focus on the development of product structure optimization, focus on extending the industrial chain and enhance the overall competitiveness of industries; vigorously develop the deep processing of products, improve product added value and technical content, improve product quality; focus on the development of a safe, Environmental protection, energy saving, noise reduction, leakage prevention and other functions of new building materials and products to meet the needs of green building development.

Refractory products industry will speed up the development of inorganic non-metallic materials to support the development of strategic industries, promote joint reorganization, optimize the industrial layout, strengthen energy consumption, strict environmental management, development of high-end products, encourage technological innovation, eliminate backward production capacity and strengthen safety Production and other eight tasks, to refractory products listed companies and listed companies has brought new opportunities.

Environmental significance of composite refractory materials

The composite refractory material has been developed rapidly in recent years because of its high strength and low density, which is a kind of popular material instead of steel production. In particular, the technology of glass fiber reinforced composite refractory has been mature and In the automotive industry has been a lot of applications. However, the glass fiber is harmful to the human body and is easy to be bonded after melting, resulting in difficulty in recycling.

The natural fiber is recyclable, biodegradable, available, renewable, incineration when no toxic emissions, landfill biodegradable, and can be recycled; natural fiber can be used one-step molding, bonding with other materials Easy, the production process generally do not use adhesive. So natural fiber is environmentally friendly materials. Natural fiber in the energy advantage is also very obvious, such as Ma fiber growth period is short, the growth environment is not high, the growth process without pesticides and fertilizers. Natural fiber in the growth, harvest and processing of energy consumption less, the production process without "three wastes" pollution, the use of the process without harmful free chemical precipitation.



In addition, natural fiber composite refractories generally use polyester or polypropylene as the base resin, the use of wood fiber, hemp fiber and other natural fibers (straw, bamboo, sugar cane, coconut shell, etc.) as a reinforcing material. Substrate resin is cheap, fiber raw materials from a wide range of prices are also very low, so the natural fiber composite refractory materials have other composite materials can not match the price advantage. Moreover, the strength of natural fiber composite refractories is also higher than the glass fiber composite refractory, the use of natural fiber composite refractory instead of glass fiber composite refractory manufacturing auto parts can achieve 5% to 15% of the lightweight.

Now, the production of natural fiber composite refractory materials and products have been developed, because the use of direct extrusion injection molding process, so the composite material only experienced a heating process, which can reduce the natural fiber such heat sensitive materials heat degradation. Production of automotive exterior trims (including hoods, spoilers and fenders, etc.) is produced by on-line production using extrusion molding or extrusion molding.

In short, the natural fiber reinforced composite refractory material is a very promising environmentally friendly materials. According to expert evaluation, 5 years after its application will exceed the glass fiber.